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PSALM 25
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
A Prayer for Protection, Guidance and Pardon | A Plea for Deliverance and Forgiveness |
Deliverance From Personal Enemies (A Lament) |
A Prayer for Guidance and Protection |
Prayer in Danger (Acrostic) |
MT Intro A Psalm of David. |
||||
25:1-3 | 25:1-3 | 25:1-2 | 25:1-3 | 25:1-2a (Aleph) |
25:2b (Bet) | ||||
25:3 (Gimel) | ||||
25:3 | ||||
25:4-7 | 25:4-5 | 25:4-5 | 25:4-5 | 25:4 (Dalet) |
25:5 (He) | ||||
25:6-7 | 25:6-7 | 25:6-7 | 25:6c-7 (Waw) | |
25:6 (Zain) | ||||
25:7 (Het) | ||||
25:8-11 | 25:8-11 | 25:8-10 | 25:8-10 | 25:8 (Tet) |
25:9 (Yod) | ||||
25:10 (Kaph) | ||||
25:11-15 | 25:11-14 | 25:11 (Lamed) | ||
25:12-15 | 25:12-15 | 25:12 (Mem) | ||
25:13 (Nun) | ||||
25:14 (Samek) | ||||
25:15-18 | 25:15 (Ain) | |||
25:16-22 | 25:16-21 | 25:16-18 | 25:16 (Pe) | |
25:17 (Zade) | ||||
25:18 (Qoph) | ||||
25:19-21 | 25:19-21 | 25:19 (Resh) | ||
25:20 (Shin) | ||||
25:21 (Taw) | ||||
25:22 | 25:22 | 25:22 | 25:22 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 25:1-3
1To
You, O Lord, I lift up my soul.
2O my God, in You I
trust,
Do not let me be
ashamed;
Do not let my
enemies exult over me.
3Indeed,
none of those who wait for You will be ashamed;
Those who deal treacherously without
cause will be ashamed.
25:1-3 The psalmist fears being ashamed by his enemies but in the midst of his fear he expresses his faith in YHWH's promised victory.
He characterizes himself as one who
Because of this he is confident that he will not be
but that his enemies will be (cf. Ps. 25:3b). In a sense those who trust in YHWH are witnesses of His character. How they live and trust gives powerful evidence of the reality and character of YHWH.
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL'S GOD (OT)
25:1 "O Lord" This is the title of Israel's Covenant God, YHWH. It is first used in Gen. 2:4 and is a form of the Hebrew VERB "to be."
SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, D.
▣ "soul" See SPECIAL TOPIC: NEPHESH
▣ "O God" This is the SINGULAR form of Elohim, the title for Israel's God as Creator, Provider, and Sustainer of all life on this planet.
SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, C.
25:3 | |
NASB, NKJV, NRSV, REB | "without cause" |
LXX | "wantonly" |
NJB | "groundlessly" |
JPSOA | "disappointed, empty-handedf" |
NET Bible | "thwarted" |
Peshitta | "vanity" |
This ADJECTIVE (BDB 938, KB 1229) can be understood in two ways.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 25:4-7
4Make
me know Your ways, O Lord;
Teach me Your paths.
5Lead me in Your truth
and teach me,
For You are
the God of my salvation;
For
You I wait all the day.
6Remember,
O Lord, Your compassion and Your
lovingkindnesses,
For they
have been from of old.
7Do
not remember the sins of my youth or my transgressions;
According to Your lovingkindness
remember me,
For Your
goodness' sake, O Lord.
25:4-7 Notice the string of powerful emphatic IMPERATIVES which requests YHWH's action on behalf of the one who trusts in Him.
The one who trusts (and waits, Ps. 25:5c, 21b) wants to know YHWH in both personal fellowship and revelatory truth. Based on this truth and lifestyle obedience, he then requests that YHWH
24:4 "ways. . .paths" The revelatory truths of YHWH were viewed as a well marked/worn road or trail (see note at Ps. 1:1). There was no confusion about what to do, only the need for obedience to the well-marked path (cf. Ps. 139:24). God's path is often described as level, straight, unobstructed, clearly visible.
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE PATH, THE WAY
24:6 "For they have been from of old" The psalmist is asking YHWH to act towards him (and Israel, cf. Ps. 25:22) in the consistent ways that He has displayed in the past (cf. Ps. 89:49). In essence the psalmist wants the covenant God to remember His covenant promises. He has acted in the past, now please act again for Your people and purposes. Even though the psalmist and Israel have sinned foolishly, please let Your covenant love (hesed, i.e., covenant loyalty) and Your basic character (i.e., goodness and mercy, cf. Ps. 23:6), forgive the humble sinner (cf. Ps. 25:8-11).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 25:8-11
8Good
and upright is the Lord;
Therefore
He instructs sinners in the way.
9He
leads the humble in justice,
And
He teaches the humble His way.
10All
the paths of the Lord are lovingkindness and truth
To those who keep His covenant and
His testimonies.
11For
Your name's sake, O Lord,
Pardon my iniquity, for it is great.
25:8-11 Many of the key words and concepts from Ps. 25:4-7 are repeated in this strophe. Remember this is an acrostic psalm. All of the psalmist's poetic license and creativity are being used.
The two added thoughts are the descriptive words about the one taught and led.
The paths of YHWH are characterized as
25:10 ". . .testimonies" See SPECIAL TOPIC: TERMS FOR GOD'S REVELATION.
▣ "To those who keep His covenant" Notice the emphasis, not just on knowledge (cf. Ps. 25:4-5) but obedience (cf. Deut. 5:10; 6:5; 7:9; 10:12; 11:1,13,22; 13:3; 19:9; 30:6,16,20; Ps. 103:18). Obedience is not the mechanism of acceptance and forgiveness, which is the grace of YHWH, but the result of meeting Him and being obedient to His will. Jesus said it so well in Luke 6:46, also compare Eph. 2:8-9 and then Eph. 1:4; 2:10. Grace is always first! It is received by faith but it is a faith that must be lived out (cf. James 2:14-26).
▣ "covenant" See SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT (ברית)
25:11 Any hope of forgiveness is based on the unchanging character of YHWH (cf. Ps. 102:26-27; Malachi 3:6; James 1:17) and His Messiah (cf. Heb. 13:8). It is because of His name and character that covenant sinners are restored to fellowship (cf. Ps. 79:9).
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL'S GOD (OT)
▣ "for it is great" Once we know the character of God (i.e., holiness, cf. Lev. 19:2; Matt. 5:48) and the truth of God, our sins and their consequences become more evident to us. The tree of the knowledge of good and evil (cf. Genesis 3) brought a revelation of our rebellion and its consequences (cf. Galatians 3; book of Hebrews)!
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 25:12-15
12Who
is the man who fears the Lord?
He will instruct him in the way he
should choose.
13His
soul will abide in prosperity,
And
his descendants will inherit the land.
14The
secret of the Lord is for those who fear Him,
And He will make them know His
covenant.
15My
eyes are continually toward the Lord,
For He will pluck my feet out of the
net.
25:12-15 As in strophes Ps. 25:4-7 and 8-11, the same themes continue here. Notice how the faithful follower is characterized.
Notice what YHWH will do for him.
25:12 "choose" There is a theological balance in the Bible between the sovereign acts of YHWH and His demand that humans choose Him and His ways (cf. Deut. 30:15,19; Josh. 24:14-15). We are responsible for our choices!
SPECIAL TOPIC: ELECTION/PREDESTINATION AND THE NEED FOR A THEOLOGICAL BALANCE
25:13 This describes the consequences of covenant disobedience (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 28; 30:15,19; Psalm 1; often called "The Two Ways").
25:14 | |
NASB, NKJV, NJB | "secret" |
NRSV | "friendship" |
TEV | "friend" |
LXX | "empowerment" |
JPSOA | "counsel" |
REB | "confides" |
The Hebrew word (BDB 691, KB 745) can mean (cf. Job 15:8; Ps. 111:1)
These connotations are fluid and interchangeable. There is a special consultation, fellowship, and impartation of knowledge between the covenant God and His faithful followers.
25:15 As YHWH's eyes (see SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD DESCRIBED AS HUMAN) are continuously on those who fear Him and obey Him, so too, the faithful continue to be faithful by keeping their full and focused attention on Him (cf. Heb. 12:2)!
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 25:16-22
16Turn
to me and be gracious to me,
For
I am lonely and afflicted.
17The
troubles of my heart are enlarged;
Bring
me out of my distresses.
18Look
upon my affliction and my trouble,
And
forgive all my sins.
19Look
upon my enemies, for they are many,
And
they hate me with violent hatred.
20Guard
my soul and deliver me;
Do
not let me be ashamed, for I take refuge in You.
21Let integrity and
uprightness preserve me,
For
I wait for You.
22Redeem
Israel, O God,
Out of all
his troubles.
25:16-21 This strophe documents the psalmist's problems.
In light of these things he asks YHWH
His reasons for YHWH doing these things for him are
25:22 I think this is a separate closing statement (one verse beyond the acrostic pattern). The King represents the people. This is the psalmist's final prayer request and it is national in scope. Redeem (BDB 804, KB 911, Qal IMPERATIVE, see SPECIAL TOPIC: RANSOM/REDEEM) Your covenant people (i.e., "Israel"), for Your eternal redemptive purposes (see SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN).
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.
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