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PSALM 32
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
Blessedness of Forgiveness and of Trust in God | The Joy of Forgiveness | Thanksgiving For Healing | Confession and Forgiveness | Candid Admission of Sin |
MT Intro "A Psalm of David. A Maskil" |
||||
32:1-2 | 32:1-2 | 32:1-2 | 32:1-2 | 32:1-2 |
32:3-7 | 32:3-5 | 32:3-4 | 32:3-4 | 32:3-4 |
32:5 | 32:5 | 32:5 | ||
32:6-7 | 32:6-7 | 32:6-7 | 32:6-7 | |
32:8-11 | 32:8-9 | 32:8-9 | 32:8-9 | 32:8 |
32:9 | ||||
32:10-11 | 32:10-11 | 32:10-11 | 32:10 | |
32:11 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS
Paul's use of Ps. 32:1-2 in Romans 4, where he discusses OT examples of "justification by grace through faith" (cf. Rom. 3:21-31; Galatians 3; Eph. 2:8-9), reveals the context as an OT example of the theme developed and prioritized in the NT. This is the heart of how one is forgiven, although the mechanism for that forgiveness (i.e., the gospel of Christ) is not mentioned. It still clearly reveals the merciful, gracious availability of YHWH's forgiveness (i.e., "lifted and removed" and "covered").
If YHWH can forgive David, He can forgive you! Receive it through
confession and repentance! Then stand forgiven in the promises!
SPECIAL TOPIC: CONFESSION/PROFESSION
SPECIAL TOPIC: REPENTANCE (NT)
SPECIAL TOPIC: REPENTANCE (OT)
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 32:1-2
1How
blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven,
Whose sin is covered!
2How blessed is the man
to whom the Lord does not impute iniquity,
And in whose spirit there is no
deceit!
32:1 The term "blessed" (BDB 80, cf. Ps. 1:1), out of 45 times is used 26 times in Psalms, see SPECIAL TOPIC: BLESSING (OT). The theme is recurrent in Wisdom Literature and describes the faithful followers.
The first two verses of this Psalm from the LXX are quoted by Paul in Romans 4:7-8 in his example of David as a blessed man because his sin was forgiven.
Notice the different words used to describe rebellion against YHWH (cf. Ps. 32:5; see SPECIAL TOPIC: FORGIVENESS IN THE OT).
The UBS Handbook mentions that the psalmist purposely alternated the MASCULINE, FEMININE forms (twice) to show completeness (p. 303).
YHWH's (note the PASSIVE PARTICIPLES) forgiveness is described as righteousness given to sinners based on God's mercy and their repentance (this is the theological concept of imputed [cf. BDB 362, KB 359, Gen. 15:6; Rom. 4:3; Gal. 3:6]).
The result is a person with no deceit/guile (cf. John 1:47). This does not mean sinless, but repentant.
32:2 "man" This is the Hebrew word Adam (BDB 9). In the early parts of Genesis (Genesis 1-3) it refers to Adam, the original human creation, but it took on the sense of humanity in general (even Genesis 1-3).
▣ "spirit" See and SPECIAL TOPIC: SPIRIT IN THE BIBLE.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 32:3-7
3When
I kept silent about my sin, my body wasted away
Through my groaning all day long.
4For day and night Your
hand was heavy upon me;
My
vitality was drained away as with the fever heat of summer. Selah.
5I acknowledged my sin to
You,
And my iniquity I did
not hide;
I said, " I
will confess my transgressions to the Lord";
And You forgave the guilt of my sin.
Selah.
6Therefore,
let everyone who is godly pray to You in a time when You may be found;
Surely in a flood of great waters
they will not reach him.
7You
are my hiding place; You preserve me from trouble;
You surround me with songs of
deliverance. Selah.
32:3-7 This strophe contrasts two ways to deal with sin.
There is a play on YHWH's hand.
32:4,5,7 "Selah" See note at Ps. 3:2 and Introduction to Psalms, VII.
32:5 "I will confess" The parallelism of lines 1 and 2 demands a rare meaning of the VERB (BDB 392, KB 389, Hiphil IMPERFECT used in a COHORTATIVVE sense). Usually the VERB in Hiphil means "thanksgiving," but in a few contexts "confess" is the apparent meaning.
32:6 "in a time when You may be found" This ambiguous phrase can be understood in several ways.
The acceptable time is when the Spirit denotes YHWH's personal presence. We can not choose "the acceptable" time. Humans are responders, not initiators in the spiritual realm.
▣ "in a flood of great waters" Water, raging water, is often used as an idiom of trouble/distress/attack (cf. Ps. 69:1; 124:5; 144:7 and most beautifully in Isa. 43:2).
32:7 This refers to the tabernacle/temple. The songs of praise are worship songs or liturgy.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 32:8-11
8I
will instruct you and teach you in the way which you should go;
I will counsel you with My eye upon
you.
9Do not be
as the horse or as the mule which have no understanding,
Whose trappings include bit and
bridle to hold them in check,
Otherwise
they will not come near to you.
10Many
are the sorrows of the wicked,
But
he who trusts in the Lord, lovingkindness
shall surround him.
11Be
glad in the Lord and rejoice, you righteous
ones;
And shout for joy,
all you who are upright in heart.
32:8-11 The psalmist speaks to himself (and others, Ps. 32:5) on YHWH's behalf. Here is the divine response, Ps. 32:8 (three COHORTATIVES)!
32:8 "in the way" This is an idiom for a godly life (cf. Ps. 1:1; 25:8-9).
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE PATH, THE WAY
▣ "with My eye upon you" This is an idiom of personal care and presence (cf. Ps. 32:18; Ps. 34:15 [quoted in 1 Pet. 3:12]; Job 36:7).
For "eye" used of YHWH see SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD DESCRIBED AS HUMAN (ANTHROPOMORPHISM).
32:9 The person (PLURAL) who will not repent is described in terms of rebellious, domesticated animals (cf. Isa. 1:2-3). Fallen humanity lives on an animal level characterized by "more and more for me at any cost!"
▣ | |
NASB, NKJV, LXX | "Otherwise they will not come near to you" |
NRSV | "else it will not stay near you" |
NJB | "there is no means of bringing them near" |
REB | "so that they do not come near you" |
Peshitta | "no one goes near them" |
JPSOA | "far be it from you!" |
This phrase is uncertain in the MT. Most translations think it refers to the animals, but JPSOA, following Ibn Ezra, takes it as an admonition to faithful followers.
32:10 "lovingkindness" See SPECIAL TOPIC: LOVINGKINDNESS (HESED).
▣ "shall surround" This VERB (BDB 685, KB 738, Poel IMPERFECT) is also used in Ps. 32:7 of songs of deliverance and here of YHWH's lovingkindness (cf. Ps. 32:10; also note Deut. 32:10; the ADJECTIVE is used in Ps. 34:7; 125:2). What a wonderful idiom of YHWH's presence and protection!
▣ Again a contrast.
32:11 A series of PLURAL IMPERATIVES instructing the faithful follower.
A life of joy amidst a fallen, unhappy world, is a powerful witness of God's presence and character.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.
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