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PSALM 34
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
The Lord A Provider and Deliverer | The Happiness of Those Who Trust in God |
Thanksgiving For Deliverance From Trouble (An Acrostic) |
In Praise of God's Goodness |
In Praise of God's Justice (An Acrostic) |
MT Intro A Psalm of David when he feigned madness before Abimelich, who drove him away and he departed. |
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34:1-3 | 34:1-3 | 34:1-3 | 34:1-3 | 34:1 (Aleph) |
34:2 (Bet) | ||||
34:3 (Gimel) | ||||
34:4-7 | 34:4-7 | 34:4-10 | 34:4-7 | 34:4 (Dalet) |
34:5 (He) | ||||
34:6 (Zain) | ||||
34:7 (Het) | ||||
34:8-14 | 34:8-10 | 34:8-10 | 34:8 (Tet) | |
34:9 (Yod) | ||||
34:10 (Kaph) | ||||
34:11-14 | 34:11-14 | 34:11-14 | 34:11 (Lamed) | |
34:12 (Mem) | ||||
34:13 (Nun) | ||||
34:14 (Samek) | ||||
34:15-18 | 34:15-16 | 34:15-18 | 34:15-18 | 34:15 (Ain) |
34:16 (Pe) | ||||
34:17-18 | 34:17 (Zade) | |||
34:18 (Qoph) | ||||
34:19-22 | 34:19-22 | 34:19-22 | 34:19-21 | 34:19 (Resh) |
34:20 (Shin) | ||||
34:21-22 (Taw) | ||||
34:22 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 34:1-3
1I
will bless the Lord at all times;
His praise shall continually be in
my mouth.
2My
soul will make its boast in the Lord;
The humble will hear it and rejoice.
3O magnify the Lord with me,
And
let us exalt His name together.
34:1-3 This is a strophe of witness. It starts with a SINGULAR COHORTATIVE and ends with a PLURAL. YHWH is too great and wonderful in character and deed not to be praised!
Notice how the praise is characterized.
34:2 "boast" The Hebrew VERB (BDB 237 II, KB 248, Hithpael IMPERFECT), in the Hithpael means "to boast," "to exult," or "to be praised" (cf. 1 Kgs. 20:11; 1 Chr. 16:10; Ps. 64:10; 105:3; 106:5; Prov. 20:14; 25:14; 27:1; Isa. 41:16; 45:25; Jer. 9:23).
For the theological concept of "boasting" see SPECIAL TOPIC: BOASTING.
34:3 "O magnify the Lord" This VERB (BDB 152, KB 178, Piel IMPERATIVE) is a command to express to God our heart's gratefulness with our praise. Before we succumb to the frailties of life or the difficulties of current situations, we should remind ourselves of
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 34:4-7
4I
sought the Lord, and He answered me,
And delivered me from all my fears.
5They looked to Him and
were radiant,
And their
faces will never be ashamed.
6This
poor man cried, and the Lord heard him
And saved him out of all his
troubles.
7The
angel of the Lord encamps around those who
fear Him,
And rescues
them.
34:4-7 This strophe develops the thoughts of the first. Notice how it moves from the SINGULAR (i.e., I sought YHWH) to the PLURAL (i.e., they looked to Him), just like the first strophe.
Faithful followers are never alone or isolated. Their faithful God is always present and at the ready!
34:5a This is reminiscent of Moses' face radiating after he visited with YHWH (cf. Exod. 34:29-35; 2 Cor. 3:7). Here, it is imagery for YHWH's presence and help.
▣ "their faces will never be ashamed" This is imagery for "they will never be red faced (i.e., ashamed); see UBS Text Project, p. 217).
34:7 "The angel of the Lord" Angels are servants of the redeemed (cf. Num. 20:16; Ps. 91:11; Isa. 63:9; Dan. 3:28; 6:22; Matt. 18:10; Acts 12:11; Heb. 1:14).
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE ANGEL OF THE LORD
SPECIAL TOPIC: ANGELS AND DEMONS
▣ "those who fear Him" This is a Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE (BDB 431, KB 432) which describes faithful followers (cf. Ps. 15:4; 25:12,14; 31:19; 61:5; 66:16; 103:11; 118:4; Deut. 28:58; Neh. 1:11).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 34:8-14
8O
taste and see that the Lord is good;
How blessed is the man who takes
refuge in Him!
9O
fear the Lord, you His saints;
For to those who fear Him there is
no want.
10The
young lions do lack and suffer hunger;
But
they who seek the Lord shall not be in want of
any good thing.
11Come,
you children, listen to me;
I
will teach you the fear of the Lord.
12Who is the man who
desires life
And loves length
of days that he may see good?
13Keep
your tongue from evil
And
your lips from speaking deceit.
14Depart
from evil and do good;
Seek
peace and pursue it.
34:8-14 Because YHWH is "good" (BDB 373 II, KB 370 I), His faithful followers (i.e., saints, BDB 872, KB 1076) are admonished to
The results of their actions are (i.e., the promised blessing of "the Two Ways," cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 28; 30:15,19; Psalm 1).
Here are the psalmist's teachings for a long, happy life.
Notice the balance between what YHWH does for the faithful follower and what they must do for themselves (see SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT. There are choices and consequences, both positive and negative (the next strophe is a partial list)!
Peter quotes from this Psalm in 1 Peter 3.
He sees it fitting into his emphasis of a united fellowship (i.e., "let all be harmonious, sympathetic, brotherly, kindhearted, and humble in spirit, not returning evil for evil or insult for insult, but giving a blessing instead," 1 Pet. 3:8-9).
34:8 "the Lord is good" "Good" (BDB 373 II, KB 370 I) is a key word in this strophe (cf. 1 Thess. 5:15).
34:9 | |
NASB, NKJV | "saints" |
NRSV, NJB, LXX | "holy ones" |
TEV | "people" |
REB | "holy people" |
JPSOA | "consecrated ones" |
The ADJECTIVE (BDB 872, KB 370 I) can denote
Here it refers to faithful followers.
34:10 | |
NASB, NKJV, NRSV, NJB, JPSOA | "lions" |
LXX, Peshitta | "rock" |
REB | "princes" |
NEB | "unbelievers" (from an Arabic root) |
The MT has "lions." The question is "to whom does the imagery refer?" It seems best to contrast them with "the humbled," "the afflicted," or "the poor" (BDB 776) of Ps. 34:2 and 6.
34:11 "children" This is literally "sons" (BDB 119). In Wisdom Literature the teacher is called "father" and the students "sons" (i.e., Prov. 1:8; 4:1,10,20; 6:1,20; 24:13,21).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 34:15-18
15The
eyes of the Lord are toward the righteous
And His ears are open to
their cry.
16The
face of the Lord is against evildoers,
To cut off the memory of them from
the earth.
17The
righteous cry, and the Lord hears
And delivers them out of all their
troubles.
18The
Lord is near to the brokenhearted
And saves those who are crushed in
spirit.
34:15-18 This strophe shows the results of godly or godless living.
There are several anthropomorphisms in this strophe using the human body to describe YHWH (see SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD DESCRIBED AS A HUMAN).
34:18 "The Lord is near" What a wonderful promise (cf. Deut. 4:7; Ps. 119:151; 145:18). It is shocking that a holy God wants to fellowship with sinful humans. He seeks us out and pursues us. We were created by Him for fellowship with Him (cf. Gen. 1:26,27; 3:8). No matter how bad things get (i.e., "the brokenhearted," cf. Ps. 147:3; Isa. 61:1 and "those who are crushed in spirit," cf. Ps. 51:17; Isa. 57:15), the Lord is near to faithful followers!
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 34:19-22
19Many
are the afflictions of the righteous,
But
the Lord delivers him out of them all.
20He keeps all his bones,
Not one of them is broken.
21Evil shall slay the
wicked,
And those who hate
the righteous will be condemned.
22The
Lord redeems the soul of His servants,
And none of those who take refuge in
Him will be condemned.
34:19-22 This strophe continues the emphasis of the previous one, but emphasizing the different outcomes between the godly and godless. The last two strophes are theologically parallel.
34:19 There need to be two points made about this verse.
34:20 The breaking of a person's bones was an idiom for the judgment of God (cf. Ps. 51:8; Isa. 38:13; Lam. 3:4). Therefore, no bones broken was an idiom of no judgment necessary (i.e., a righteous person).
This verse is quoted in John's Gospel (cf. John 19:36, along with Zech. 12:10 in John 19:37) as a prophetic prediction. I think it is better understood as a typological understanding. Psalm 34:20 is not a prediction about the Messiah's death but about a promise of health and well being to a faithful follower.
Here is the problem, hermeneutical theory asserts that the original intent of the inspired author is the place to begin how to understand a text, in a literary and historical context. This is surely true. But we must allow NT inspired authors the right to use typology. We cannot reproduce their method because we are not inspired, but they were. So, in these cases the NT usage must be valid, but often would have been a surprise to the OT author.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.
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