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PSALM 61
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
Confidence in God's Protection MT Intro For the choir director; on a stringed instrument. A Psalm of David. |
Assurance of God's Eternal Protection | Prayer For Protection | A Prayer for Protection | Prayer of An Exile |
61:1-4 | 61:1-2 | 61:1-2 | 61:1-2 | 61:1-2 |
61:3-7 | 61:3-5 | 61:3 | 61:3-5 | |
61:4-5 | ||||
61:5-8 | ||||
61:6-7 | 61:6-7 | 61:6-7 | ||
61:8 | 61:8 | 61:8 | 61:8 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 61:1-4
1Hear
my cry, O God;
Give heed
to my prayer.
2From
the end of the earth I call to You when my heart is faint;
Lead me to the rock that is higher
than I.
3For
You have been a refuge for me,
A
tower of strength against the enemy.
4Let
me dwell in Your tent forever;
Let
me take refuge in the shelter of Your wings. Selah.
61:1 Two parallel IMPERATIVES OF REQUEST start this Psalm (cf. Ps. 86:6; Isa. 28:23; 49:1; 51:4; Jer. 18:19; Dan. 9:19; Hosea 5:1).
▣ "cry" "Cry" (BDB 943) can refer to shouts of joy or, as here, a cry for help and protection (cf. Ps. 17:1; 88:2; 106:44; 119:169; 142:6).
61:2 In Ps. 61:2 the psalmist says, "From the end of the earth I call to You." This sounds like a prayer of an exiled person but the rest of the Psalm does not support this. Therefore, it must be imagery of a sense of alienation by the psalmist.
The word "earth" can, in this context, be understood as "land" (i.e., Promised Land), see SPECIAL TOPIC: LAND, COUNTRY, EARTH. Words have meaning only in context!
The AB understands the phrase to refer to Sheol (p. 84). This is based on Ugaritic parallels. If so, the psalmist faced death, not just discouragement.
SPECIAL TOPIC: SHEOL, I. B.
▣ | |
NASB, NKJV, NRSV, NJB, Peshitta, JPSOA | "Lead me to"" |
REB | "Set me on" |
LXX | "on a rock. . ." |
TEV | "take me to" |
The MT has the VERB "lead" (BDB 634, KB 685, Hiphil IMPERFECT.
Only the vowels are different. So, the question is, "What is the allusion to?"
The UBS Text Project, p. 279, gives option #1 an "A" rating.
▣ "the rock that is higher than I" The title, "rock" reflects two Hebrew roots (BDB 849 and 700 I). The title first (BDB 849) appears in Deut. 32:4,15,18,30,31. Notice how it is expressed.
BDB 700 I occurs only in Ps. 18:2; 42:9. It literally means "rocky crag," but is a synonym of BDB 849 (both used in Ps. 18:2).
This imagery has several possible origins.
▣ "higher than I" This could mean several things.
The LXX and Peshitta have, "You left me upon a rock."
61:3 Much of the imagery used to describe God has military connotations.
61:4 Psalm 61:4 has two COHORTATIVE VERBS.
As Ps. 61:3 has military imagery, 61:4 has imagery related to the temple or possibly "rock" in Ps. 61:2. The imagery of Ps. 61:4a is also found in Ps. 23:6; 27:4.
The term "forever" is PLURAL, which accentuates the concept (see SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ['olam]). I think in this OT Wisdom Literature context it denotes a happy, long life in temple fellowship (i.e., tent) with YHWH (cf. Ps. 23:6).
▣ "in the shelter of Your wings" This is female imagery of God as a protective mother bird (cf. Matt. 23:37; Luke 13:34). See notes at Ps. 17:8 and SPECIAL TOPIC: SHADOW AS METAPHOR FOR PROTECTION AND CARE.
▣ "Selah" See notes at Ps. 3:2 and Intro. to Psalms, VII.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: PSALM 61:5-8
5For
You have heard my vows, O God;
You
have given me the inheritance of those who fear Your name.
6You will prolong the
king's life;
His years
will be as many generations.
7He
will abide before God forever;
Appoint
lovingkindness and truth that they may preserve him.
8So I will sing praise to
Your name forever,
That I
may pay my vows day by day.
61:5-8 This strophe relates to the King as a representative of YHWH's covenant people.
This same concept is stated in Prov. 20:28. To uphold the King is to uphold Israel.
61:5 The MT has "the inheritance" (BDB 440, KB 442, LXX, Peshitta), which refers to the land of Canaan divided among the tribes in Joshua 12-19.
However, the JPSOA and REB suggest an emendation to "desire" (cf. Ps. 21:2).
The UBS Text Project, p. 280, gives option #1 an "A" rating.
▣ "those who fear Your name" The NIDOTTE, vol. 2, p. 531, has a good comment about "those who fear Your name." They represent the faithful followers (cf. Ps. 15:4; 25:12,14; 103:11,13; 118:4). NIDOTTE adds a list of slightly different forms.
SPECIAL TOPIC: "THE NAME" OF YHWH
61:7 "He will abide" The VERB (BDB 442, KB 444, Qal IMPERFECT, cf. Ps. 23:6) is a statement, but it is surely possible that this IMPERFECT is used in a JUSSIVE sense, meaning it is a prayer request (cf. JPSOA, NET).
61:8 Because of God's goodness to the King and Israel, the King will sing praises (BDB 274, KB 273, Piel COHORTATIVE) to Him.
Again the use of "forever" must be seen as imagery for a long, successful reign. The King's faith promises ("vows") are honored, performed, and fulfilled in the temple. This close is similar to Ps. 30:12, thereby denoting a set ritual (i.e., thank offering) or liturgy (connected to offering, cf. Ps. 7:17).
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.
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