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PSALM 75
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
God Abases the Proud, but Exalts the Righteous MT Intro For the choir director; set to Al-tashheth. A Psalm of Asaph. A Song |
Thanksgiving For God's Righteous Judgment | National Thanksgiving for God's Mighty Acts | God the Judge | The Universal Judge |
75:1-5 | 75:1 | 75:1 | 75:1 | 75:1 |
75:2-3 | 75:2-5 | 75:2-5 | 75:2-3 | |
75:4-5 | 75:4-5 | |||
75:6-8 | 75:6-8 | 75:6-9 | 75:6-8 | 75:6-8 |
75:9-10 | 75:9 | 75:9-10 | 75:9-10 | |
75:10 | 75:10 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 75:1-5
1We give thanks to
You, O God, we give thanks,
For Your name is near;
Men declare Your wondrous
works.
2"When I select an
appointed time,
It is I who judge with equity.
3The earth and all
who dwell in it melt;
It is I who have firmly set
its pillars.
Selah.
4I said to the
boastful, ‘Do not boast,'
And to the wicked, ‘Do not
lift up the horn;
5Do not lift up your
horn on high,
Do not speak with insolent
pride.'"
75:1 "We give thanks" This VERB (BDB 392, KB 389, Hiphil PERFECT) is repeated twice for emphasis (note Ps. 107:1,8,15,21,31). The term in the Hiphil is used often (65 times) in the Psalter. It is translated mostly as "praise," but in Ps. 32:5 it is translated "confess."
▣ | |
NASB, NKJV, NRSV | "For Your name is near" |
NJB, RSV, Peshitta, LXX | "we call upon your name" |
JPSOA | "Your presence is near" |
The NASB follows the MT. The UBS Text Project (p. 326) gives the second option a "C" rating (considerable doubt), but accepts it as the most likely original text.
The problem is, what does "and near Your name" mean?
AB claims there are twelve divine names in this Psalm.
SPECIAL TOPIC: "THE NAME" OF YHWH
▣ "Men declare Your wondrous works" As Israel taught her children about their ancestors and God's promises (cf. Deut. 4:9,10; 6:7,20-25; 11:19; 32:46), they were passing on the promises and their fulfillment in the next generation. These "wondrous acts" (BDB 810, KB 927, see SPECIAL TOPIC: WONDERFUL THINGS) were the powerful acts of deliverance, protection, and provision that Israel had experienced throughout her history.
This revelation of the character, promises, and faithful interventions of YHWH were a way to
The NIDOTTE, vol. 3, p. 284, lists the different words used to describe God's acts which reveal His character.
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL'S GOD (OT)
75:2-5 "When I select an appointed time" In these verses, God is the speaker. It is possible this relates to Ps. 74:22-23 (i.e., God pleading His case).
75:2 "I select an appointed time" This is a literary way of asserting God's sovereignty. He sets the time and place of all world events (i.e., Ps. 74:12-17; Deut. 32:8; Romans 9-11).
God's people do not understand His timetable. He delivers on His schedule, not His people's. Often judgment, even invasion, is His will! But one day He will set all things straight!
▣ "I who judge with equity" Two theological points are asserted.
75:3 "The earth and all who dwell in it melt" The VERBAL (BDB 556, KB 555, Niphal PARTICIPLE, cf. Exod. 15:15; Josh. 2:9,24; 1 Sam. 14:16; Isa. 14:31; Jer. 49:23) denotes the chaotic fear of a population.
Not only people's hearts melt but the earth itself is affected by the presence of its Creator/Judge (cf. Ps. 46:6; Isa. 24:19-20; Amos 9:5; Micah 1:4; Nahum 1:5).
In the NT 2 Peter 3:10 predicts the dissolving of this planet (cf. Matt. 5:18; 24:35; Rev. 21:1).
There is a new heaven and a new earth coming. The new covenant of Jer. 31:31-34 will be fully implemented. The Bible describes this new age in terms of Garden of Eden imagery (compare Genesis 1-2 with Revelation 21-22).
▣ "It is I who have firmly set its pillars" This is a literary way of referring to the foundations of the earth (i.e., initial creation, cf. 1 Sam. 2:8; Job 38:4-6).
In Jonah 2:6 the "roots of the mountains" is also creation imagery. See my notes below from Jonah 2:6.
Jonah 2:6 "I descended to the roots of the mountains" The OT uses the physicaldirection "down" to describe Sheol (BDB 432, KB 434, Qal PERFECT, cf. Num. 16:30,33; Ps. 55:15; Isa. 5:14; 14:19). The term Sheol and "pit" (BDB 1001) are parallel (cf. Ps. 30:3). It is this metaphorical expression of Jonah's sense of approaching the underworld that makes his experience the object of Jesus' comment (cf. Matt. 12:40-41; Luke 11:30). Jonah believed he was going to die, but God had mercy on him! God's judgment was not His last word. There was purpose in the punishment.
The psalmist and the covenant people did not understand why they faced such difficulties when they knew their God was in control of all things! Even amidst chaos, invasion, and injustice God's sovereignty was stable and sure (cf. Revelation 4-5)! His timetable is geared to His larger redemptive purposes, not our immediate wants/desires/needs!
▣ "Selah" See note at Psalm 3:2 and Introduction VII.
75:4-5 The Creator speaks as the Moral Guide. YHWH's laws reflected His character. The ones who face His judgment were those who
It seems that "the wicked," (Ps. 75:4) of this Psalm are either
75:4 "horn" This is an animal symbol of power and preeminence (cf. Ps. 75:10; 1 Sam. 2:1,10; Daniel 7-8).
75:5 | |
NASB | "insolent pride" |
NKJV, Peshitta | "stiff neck" |
NRSV | "insolent neck" |
NJB | "arrogant stance" |
REB | "rock" |
JPSOA | "in vainglorious bluster" |
LXX | "injustice against God" |
NET | "with your head held so high" |
The MT has "with insolent neck" ("neck," BDB 848, KB 1009)
The UBS Text Project, p. 326, gives "neck" a "C" rating (considerable doubt).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 75:6-8
6For not from the
east, nor from the west,
Nor from the desert comes
exaltation;
7But God is the
Judge;
He puts down one and exalts
another.
8For a cup is in the
hand of the Lord, and the wine foams;
It is well mixed, and He pours
out of this;
Surely all the wicked of the
earth must drain and drink down its dregs.
75:6-8 This strophe reflects the universal presence of YHWH, much like Psalm 139 does, but here the context focuses on His judgment of the wicked (cf. Ps. 75:4-5).
Often the wicked seem to have the upper hand but God will set things straight (cf. Ps. 146:7; 1 Sam. 2:7; Romans 9; James 4:10). This divine action will be a reversal of expectations.
75:6 This verse is using Palestinian/Canaanite imagery to assert universality.
75:7 "But God is the Judge" See SPECIAL TOPIC: JUDGE, JUDGMENT, AND JUSTICE
75:8 "a cup" This is usually an idiom for human destiny and it is usually negative (cf. Isa. 51:17,22; Jer. 25:15-16,27-28). See full note at Ps. 11:6.
▣ "It is well mixed" This refers to the ancient method of mixing different types of fermented fruits and grains to form more intoxicating drinks.
SPECIAL TOPIC: ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
75:8c YHWH forces the wicked to symbolically drink and become drunk. This is imagery for judgment (cf. Ps. 60:3; Isa. 51:17,22; Jer. 25:15,27; 51:7; Hab. 2:16).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 75:9-10
9But as for me, I
will declare it
forever;
I will sing praises to the God
of Jacob.
10And all the horns
of the wicked He will cut off,
But the horns of the
righteous will be lifted up.
75:9-10 This strophe is the closing words of the psalmist.
This reflects a temple worship setting!
75:9 | |
NASB, NKJV, JPSOA | "declare" |
REB | "confess" |
NJB, TEV | "speak" |
NRSV, LXX | "rejoice" |
Peshitta | "live" |
The MT has "declare" (BDB 616, KB 665, Hiphil IMPERFECT). The idea of "rejoice" is an attempt to form a better synonymous parallelism with line 2 of v. 9.
The UBS Text Project, p. 328, gives option #1 a "B" rating.
▣ "forever" See SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('olam)
75:10 "He will cut off" The MT has "I will." The UBS Text Project (p. 328) gives this an "A" rating.
This Psalm has several speakers. Possibly Ps. 75:9 is the psalmist and 75:10 is YHWH.
▣ "horns" Notice that this idiom can be used positively or negatively.
Here, it is used to represent people.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.
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