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PSALM 85
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
Prayer for God's Mercy Upon the Nation MT Intro For the choir director. A Psalm of the sons of Korah |
Prayer That The Lord Will Restore Favor to The Land | Prayer For Deliverance From National Adversary | A Prayer For the Nation's Welfare | Prayer For Peace and Justice |
85:1-3 | 85:1-3 | 85:1-3 | 85:1-3 | 85:1-2 |
85:3 | ||||
85:4-7 | 85:4-7 | 85:4-7 | 85:4-7 | 85:4-5 |
85:6-7 | ||||
85:8-13 | 85:8-9 | 85:8-9 | 85:8-9 | 85:8-9 |
85:10-13 | 85:10-13 | 85:10-13 | 85:10-11 | |
85:12-13 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary, which
means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the
light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not
relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 85:1-3
1O
Lord, You showed favor to Your land;
You restored the captivity of
Jacob.
2You forgave the
iniquity of Your people;
You covered all their sin.
Selah.
3You withdrew all
Your fury;
You turned away from Your
burning anger.
85:1-3 Notice the powerful parallelism which denotes the character and redemptive actions of YHWH.
YHWH has kept His covenant promises even when His covenant people did not deserve it. Sin has consequences (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30), but grace also has lasting effects because of the character of God (cf. Exod. 34:6; Num. 14:18; Deut. 4:31; Neh. 9:27; Ps. 86:15; 103:8; 145:8)!
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL'S GOD (OT)
85:1 "Your land" Notice the different ways to refer to God's people.
▣ "restored the captivity of Jacob" This VERB (BDB 996, KB 1427, Qal PERFECT) is used in this context to denote the covenant peoples' return to Canaan (cf. Jer. 30:3,18; Amos 9:14; Zeph. 3:20). The time element is not an aspect of Hebrew VERBS, just completed or uncompleted action. It is possible to see the PERFECT TENSE (vv. 1-3) as
Notice this VERB is used three times in vv. 1-4, all denoting YHWH's acts of mercy.
SPECIAL TOPIC: REPENTANCE (OT)
85:2 "You covered all their sin" This VERB (BDB 491, KB 487, Piel PERFECT) is a major term used of forgiveness. It became the name for one of Israel's major annual gatherings (i.e., The Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur). The symbolism of "covering" sin comes from the blood sprinkled on the Mercy Seat by the High Priest, which obscured YHWH's eyes from the Ten Commandments in the ark.
85:2-3 "all" The use of "all" (BDB 481) is significant. All their sin is covered and all God's fury is withdrawn. What inclusive good news!
▣ "Selah" See note at Psalm 3:2 or Introduction to the Psalms, VII. B. #1.
85:3 "Your fury" Notice the different words that refer to YHWH's reaction to human disobedience (cf. Ps. 78:49).
How different these expression of God's character are with Ps. 85:1-2
SPECIAL TOPIC: ANTHROPOMORPHIC LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE GOD
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 85:4-7
4Restore us, O God
of our salvation,
And cause Your indignation
toward us to cease.
5Will You be angry
with us forever?
Will You prolong Your anger to
all generations?
6Will You not
Yourself revive us again,
That Your people may rejoice
in You?
7Show us Your
lovingkindness, O Lord,
And grant us Your salvation.
85:4-7 This strophe
It then follows with a series of questions related to the prayer for restoration.
Israel could not understand how YHWH allowed them to be invaded and exiled (cf. Habakkuk 1)! They were His people and His witness in this world. The problem was covenant disobedience. The wrong message was being communicated to the nations (cf. Ezek. 36:22-36).
85:5 "forever" This word must be interpreted in a specific context. It has a wide semantic field.
SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('olam)
85:7 "lovingkindness" See note at Contextual Insights, B.
This special covenant NOUN denotes YHWH's loyalty to HIs covenant responsibilities.
SPECIAL TOPIC: HITTITE (Suzerain) TREATIES
▣ "Your salvation" In Ps. 85:4 the psalmist calls YHWH "O God (Eloah) of our salvation" (BDB 447).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 85:8-13
8I will hear what
God the Lord will say;
For He will speak peace to His
people, to His godly ones;
But let them not turn back to
folly.
9Surely His
salvation is near to those who fear Him,
That glory may dwell in our
land.
10Lovingkindness and
truth have met together;
Righteousness and peace have
kissed each other.
11Truth springs from
the earth,
And righteousness looks down
from heaven.
12Indeed, the
Lord will give what is good,
And our land will yield its
produce.
13Righteousness will
go before Him
And will make His footsteps into a way.
85:8-12 This strophe is the answer to the psalmist's prayers. He wants God to speak to him ("Let me hear," BDB 1033, KB 1570, Qal COHORTATIVE). He will pass on the message/vision to the people at a feast day at the temple.
But notice the conditions.
It is even possible the "to His godly ones" of Ps. 85:8b is also a condition for peace. There is no peace apart from a right relationship with God and then others.
Also Ps. 85:11 speaks of faithfulness as a condition for God's righteousness (i.e., God Himself) to look from heaven.
Psalm 85:10-11 is such powerful imagery of God's person. These attributes are personified as coming together to accomplish His purposes.
85:8 "God the Lord" This is El plus YHWH. Usually it is YHWH Elohim, as in Gen. 2:4. The NJB sees these two names for God as introducing parallel lines.
"What is God's message?"
"Yahweh's message is peace."
This same approach is followed by AB (p. 285).
SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, A., D.
▣ "peace" See SPECIAL TOPIC: PEACE (OT, shalom)
▣ "to His people, to His godly ones" See SPECIAL TOPIC: GODLY ONES, HOLY ONES
▣ | |
NASB, NKJV | "let them not turn back to folly" |
NRSV, LXX | "to those who turn to him in their hearts" |
REB | "let them not go back to foolish ways" |
NJB | "if only they renounce their folly" |
JPSOA | "may they not turn to folly" |
Peshitta | "they may not turn again to folly" |
The MT is reflected in the NASB. The UBS Text Project, p. 345, gives three possible ways to understand the Hebrew text.
85:9 "no salvation" See SPECIAL TOPIC: SALVATION (OT)
▣ "those who fear Him" See SPECIAL TOPIC: FEAR (OT)
▣ "glory" See SPECIAL TOPIC: GLORY (OT, kabod)
85:10 "Lovingkindness" See SPECIAL TOPIC: LOVINGKINDNESS (hesed)
▣ "Truth" The term here can have several connotations. It is also personified in v. 11. See SPECIAL TOPIC: BELIEVE, TRUST, FAITH AND FAITHFULNESS (OT)
▣ "Righteousness" Notice the multiple uses in the personification, vv. 10, 11, 13. See SPECIAL TOPIC: RIGHTEOUSNESS
▣ "peace" See SPECIAL TOPIC: PEACE (OT, shalom)
▣ "have kissed each other" This VERB (BDB 676, KB 730, Qal PERFECT) is a powerful personification of YHWH's character.
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL'S GOD (OT)
85:11 This personification imagery from v. 10 is repeated. Notice the comprehensive imagery of
"Heaven" here denotes the atmosphere above the planet.
85:12 The promise of agricultural abundance was tied to covenant obedience (i.e., Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30). AB sees the Psalm as a pre-exilic call for rain amidst a drought. The Jewish Study Bible (p. 1377) sees the Psalm as a plea for restoration of God's people to Canaan. This is based on
▣ "good" To what does this refer?
Maybe it is purposeful ambiguity that means God's provision in every needed area. Here, agricultural abundance (cf. Ps. 67:6).
85:13 The OT often uses the imagery of a "way," "road," "highway" to denote the actions of God and humans (i.e., Ps. 25:4,8,9,10,12,15). The spiritual life was characterized as "a way"!
Righteousness is again personified (cf. Ps. 85:10-11) as a herald (cf. Ps. 85:8) who goes before Israel shouting the good news of YHWH's love, care, protection, and presence with His people after exile or drought. The Jerome Bible Commentary (p. 591) sees it as possibly an eschatological reference.
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE PATH, THE WAY
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought-provoking, not definitive.
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