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PSALM 95
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
Praise to the Lord, and Warning Against Unbelief No MT Intro |
A Call to Worship and Obedience | A Liturgy of God's Kingship | A Song of Praise | Invitation to Praise |
95:1-5 | 95:1-5 | 95:1-5 | 95:1-5 | 95:1-2 |
95:3-5 | ||||
95:6-7 | 95:6-7b | 95:6-7b | 95:6-7b | 95:6-7b |
95:7c-11 | 95:7c-11 | 95:7c-11 | 95:7c-9 | |
95:8-11 | ||||
95:10-11 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 95:1-5
1O come, let us sing
for joy to the Lord,
Let us shout joyfully to the
rock of our salvation.
2Let us come before
His presence with thanksgiving,
Let us shout joyfully to Him
with psalms.
3For the
Lord
is a great God
And a great King above all
gods,
4In whose hand are
the depths of the earth,
The peaks of the mountains are
His also.
5The sea is His, for
it was He who made it,
And His hands formed the dry
land.
95:1-5 This strophe is a call (IMPERATIVE and 4 COHORTATIVES) to praise YHWH as King and Creator.
These are calls to worship at the temple (cf. v. 2a). The worship is due because YHWH is
The Jewish Study Bible, p. 1389, thinks this Psalm, like those around it, relate to a royal coronation event (possibly yearly). They connect it to Ps. 47:1-2; 98:4-6.
95:1 "the rock of our salvation" The imagery of Israel's God as a rock is recurrent (cf. Deut. 32:4, 15,18,30,31; 1 Sam. 2:2; 2 Sam. 22:3,32,47; 23:3; Ps. 18:2,31,46; 28:1; 61:2,7; 78:35; 89:26; 92:15; 94:22). It describes Him as strong, eternal, stable, and a place of safety and security!
95:4 "the depths of the earth" The word "depths" (מחקר, BDB 350, KB 571) appears only here. It is in a CONSTRUCT relationship with "earth" and parallel to "the peaks of the mountains." This is obviously a physical creation poetic line (i.e., Ps. 95:4-5), which denotes YHWH's creation of all physical features of this planet. He is the King and Creator of physical reality (not other ANE deities or myths). Today the question would be, "Is physical creation random or purposeful?" Believers shout "purposeful"!
Just an added thought. In the previous paragraph I related Ps. 95:4 to 95:3a. It is possible to relate it to 95:3b. If so, then "the depths" and "the mountains" would be places the ANE expected the gods to be. In those places it was not "the gods" (elohim) but YHWH, the Elohim of creation (Genesis 1-2) who reigns!
SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, C.
▣ "hand" Notice that "hand" appears again in Psalm 95:5.
SPECIAL TOPIC: ANTHROPOMORPHIC LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE GOD
95:5 "The sea. . .He who made it" It is surprising that in Genesis 1 the only earthly element not spoken into existence was water (salt and fresh). God does separate the waters and controls their boundaries but He is not said to create them, so too, Psalm 104.
However, the theological assertion that He created all things including the "seas" is made in Neh. 9:6; Ps. 95:5; 146:6; Jonah 1:9. See SPECIAL TOPIC: WATERS
Also notice that Ps. 95:5b asserts God formed (BDB 427, KB 468, Qal PERFECT) dry land. Genesis 1:9-10 asserts it was by the spoken word. Remember this is ANE imagery. We should not create theology on poetic lines. I think Genesis 1-11 is both historical and literary. Please see the exegetical commentary on Genesis at www.freebiblecommentary.org. Western, modern people are far too literal and atomistic in their approach to Scripture (see online Seminar on Bible Interpretation). A book that has really helped me is John H. Walton's The Lost Word of Genesis One: An Ancient Cosmology.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 95:6-7
6Come, let us
worship and bow down,
Let us kneel before the Lord our Maker.
7For He is our God,
And we are the people of His
pasture and the sheep of His hand.
Today, if you would hear His
voice,
95:6-11 This strophe is addressed to the Covenant people, calling them to
95:6 "our Maker" Genesis 2:7 describes the special formation of Adam. The animals are said to be formed out of the ground also in Gen. 2:19 (same VERB, BDB 427, KB 428).
In Ps. 139:13-16 ("weave," BDB 697, KB 754) and Job 31:15 ("made," BDB 793, KB 889, also Ps. 139:15) God forms each human in the womb (cf. Ps. 139:13-16). The variety is literary but the truth is God did it/does it (cf. Ps. 100:3; 149:2; Isa. 17:7; Hosea 8:14). Humans are a special creation of God in His image and likeness (Gen. 1:26-27) for the purpose of fellowship! To miss this is to miss the value and dignity of humankind (cf. Psalm 8).
SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN
95:7c-11 It is interesting how the OT characterizes the wilderness wandering period differently.
This is the dilemma of all of our lives. None of us are perfect. There are good days and bad days, areas of strength and weakness. Thank God for
95:7 God as Shepherd and His people as sheep is common OT imagery (see notes at Psalm 23).
The intimacy between Shepherd and sheep is strong and constant. It is ridiculous and dangerous for sheep not to listen to their shepherd! The Fall has affected us all!
Several of the English translations start a new paragraph at Ps. 95:7c because at this point in the Psalm, YHWH is speaking (i.e., Ps. 95:7c-11).
▣ "if you would. . ." This denotes a conditional covenant. Verse 8 continues this thought. Disobedience has terible consequences (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 95:8-11
8Do not harden your
hearts, as at Meribah,
As in the day of Massah in the
wilderness,
9"When your fathers
tested Me,
They tried Me, though they had
seen My work.
10For forty years I
loathed that
generation,
And said they are a people who
err in their heart,
And they do not know My ways.
11Therefore I swore
in My anger,
Truly they shall not enter
into My rest."
95:9 The fact that Israel had experienced the miracles of the exodus and the protection and provisions of the wilderness made their unbelief and lack of trust all the more serious.
95:10 "forty years" See SPECIAL TOPIC: SYMBOLIC NUMBERS IN SCRIPTURE, #7. Forty is often a round number. The Exodus was 38 years.
▣ "heart" See SPECIAL TOPIC: HEART
▣ "they do not know My ways" Notice the focus is not on doctrine (i.e., information), but lifestyle faithfulness based on performance to the Mosaic code (i.e., "the two ways").
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE PATH, THE WAY
95:11 "I swore in My anger" Humans are forced to use vocabulary of this world to describe God, His thoughts, feelings, and actions but they are only imagery.
SPECIAL TOPIC: GOD DESCRIBED AS HUMAN)
These images are true but not exhaustive. They do truthfully assert the reality of the consequences of unbelief and rebellion, both in time and beyond! This generation of Israelites, including Aaron and Moses, did not enter Canaan (cf. Hebrews 3-4; Deut. 3:20; 12:9; 25:19).
This psalmist is imploring worship, trust, and obedience to YHWH. He is worthy of praise and faith!
Hebrews 3-4 uses this text to assert three senses of "rest."
SPECIAL TOPIC: BELIEVE, TRUST, FAITH AND FAITHFULNESS IN THE OT
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
These discussion questions are provided to help you think through the major issues of this section of the book. They are meant to be thought provoking, not definitive.
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