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EZEKIEL 10

PARAGRAPH DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS

READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")

FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL

This is a study guide commentary, which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.

Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.

WORD AND PHRASE STUDY

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: EZEKIEL 10:1-2
 ¹Then I looked, and behold, in the expanse that was over the heads of the cherubim something like a sapphire stone, in appearance resembling a throne, appeared above them. ²And He spoke to the man clothed in linen and said, "Enter between the whirling wheels under the cherubim and fill your hands with coals of fire from between the cherubim and scatter them over the city." And he entered in my sight.

10:1-2 This is YHWH's portable throne chariot of Ezek. 1:13-25.

10:1 "the expanse" See note at Ezek. 1:22.

10:2 YHWH gives three commands to the angelic being dressed in linen.

1. "enter," BDB 97, KB 112, Qal IMPERATIVE
2. "fill," BDB 569, KB 583, Piel IMPERATIVE
3. "scatter," BDB 284, KB 283, Qal IMPERATIVE

The imagery comes from the vision of Isa. 6:6, where it is initially a purification ritual inaugurating Isaiah's ministry. Here it is a judgment ritual, which is repeated in Rev. 8:5. In may ways Isaiah (i.e., chapter 24) and Ezekiel are the beginning of apocalyptic imagery. This is developed in Daniel and Zechariah and becomes a significant Jewish genre during the interbiblical period.

SPECIAL TOPIC: APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: EZEKIEL 10:3-5
 ³Now the cherubim were standing on the right side of the temple when the man entered, and the cloud filled the inner court. ⁴Then the glory of the Lord went up from the cherub to the threshold of the temple, and the temple was filled with the cloud and the court was filled with the brightness of the glory of the Lord. ⁵Moreover, the sound of the wings of the cherubim was heard as far as the outer court, like the voice of God Almighty when He speaks.

10:3 "the cloud filled the inner court" This is the theophanic cloud (BDB 777) of glory (a visual symbol of the presence of YHWH) that was present

1. at the crossing of the Red Sea (cf. Exod. 13:21)
2. on Mount Sinai (cf. Exod. 24:14-18)
3. at the tabernacle of Moses (cf. Exod. 40:34-38; Num. 14:14)
4. at the dedication of Solomon's Temple (cf. 1 Kgs. 8:11)
5. in Isaiah's vision (cf. Isa. 6:4)
6. in Ezekiel's vision (cf. Ezek. 1:4)
7. at the baptism of Jesus (cf. Mark 1:10-11)
8. at the transfiguration of Jesus (cf. Matt. 17:5)
9. at the ascension of Jesus (Acts 1:9)
10. at the return of Jesus (cf. Matt. 24:30; 26:64; Mark 14:62; Luke 21:27; 1 Thess. 4:17; Rev. 1:7)

This ADJECTIVE "inner" (BDB 819) refers to parts of the temple or a king's palace (cf. Esther 4:11; 5:1). The VERB form means "to turn a specific direction" (cf. Ezek. 8:3). Ezekiel uses this term twenty-four times in his discussions of the Jerusalem temple and his eschatological temple.

SPECIAL TOPIC: SHEKINAH

10:4 "the glory of the Lord. . .brightness of the glory of the Lord" Brightness becomes an added characteristic of His glory (cf. Ezek. 1:4,28) during the Wilderness Wandering period (i.e., the Shekinah Cloud of Glory).

SPECIAL TOPIC: GLORY (kabod, OT)

▣ "the threshold" See full note at Ezek. 9:3.

10:5 "the sound of the wings of the Cherubim" For the full notes see Ezek. 1:24.

▣ "God Almighty" This is the Hebrew title El Shaddai. This was the Patriarchal name for Deity (cf. Exod. 6:3).  It is first used as a self-designation by YHWH to Abram in Gen. 17:6.

SPECIAL TOPIC: ALMIGHTY (Shaddai)

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: EZEKIEL 10:6-8
 ⁶It came about when He commanded the man clothed in linen, saying, "Take fire from between the whirling wheels, from between the cherubim," he entered and stood beside a wheel. ⁷Then the cherub stretched out his hand from between the cherubim to the fire which was between the cherubim, took some and put it into the hands of the one clothed in linen, who took it and went out. ⁸The cherubim appeared to have the form of a man's hand under their wings.

10:6 "Take fire from between the whirling wheels and from between the Cherubim" The VERB (BDB 542, KB 534, Qal IMPERATIVE) is the fourth command to this angelic being (i.e., "the man clothed in linen," cf. Ezek. 10:2). This is obviously a reference to the burning coals, which represent God's holiness (i.e., Isa. 6:6).

10:7-8, 11-12, 14 The full description of the Cherubim is given in Ezek. 1:5-14.

SPECIAL TOPIC: CHERUBIM

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: EZEKIEL 10:9-14
 ⁹Then I looked, and behold, four wheels beside the cherubim, one wheel beside each cherub; and the appearance of the wheels was like the gleam of a Tarshish stone. ¹⁰As for their appearance, all four of them had the same likeness, as if one wheel were within another wheel. ¹¹When they moved, they went in any of their four directions without turning as they went; but they followed in the direction which they faced, without turning as they went. ¹²Their whole body, their backs, their hands, their wings, and the wheels were full of eyes all around, the wheels belonging to all four of them. ¹³The wheels were called in my hearing, the whirling wheels. ¹⁴And each one had four faces. The first face was the face of a cherub, the second face was the face of a man, the third the face of a lion, and the fourth the face of an eagle.

10:9-10, 13 The full description of the wheels is found in Ezek. 1:15-21.

10:12 "Their whole body, their back, and their hands, and their wings, and the wheels were full of eyes all around" This is an expansion of the description found in chapter 1, where the eyes were only found on the wheels (cf. Ezek. 1:18; Rev. 4:6,8). It seems to be an intensification of the all-knowingness of God. This is in contrast to the statements of the idolaters in Ezek. 8:12 and which is reacted to by God in Ezek. 9:9.

10:14 "The first face was the face of a cherub" In Ezek. 1:10 it was the face of an ox. There is no real explanation for the change (cf. Rev. 4:7). Even in the book of Ezekiel it seems that the description changes even again in Ezek. 41:18-19.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: EZEKIEL 10:15-17
 ¹⁵Then the cherubim rose up. They are the living beings that I saw by the river Chebar. ¹⁶Now when the cherubim moved, the wheels would go beside them; also when the cherubim lifted up their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels would not turn from beside them. ¹⁷When the cherubim stood still, the wheels would stand still; and when they rose up, the wheels would rise with them, for the spirit of the living beings was in them.

10:15, 20 "The cherubim rose up. They are the living beings that I saw at the river Chebar" Possibly, Ezekiel had not been in the inner court of the temple. Although he was in training to become a priest he was exiled before his thirtieth year. Apparently when he saw the pictures on the inside of the temple he recognized the creatures he saw in chapter 1 were the Cherubim.

The inanimate wheels followed the will of the four living creatures that supported the throne. The throne moved at YHWH's direction. It could move on the ground (i.e., wheels) and through the air (cherubim wings).

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: EZEKIEL 10:18-19
 ¹⁸Then the glory of the Lord departed from the threshold of the temple and stood over the cherubim. ¹⁹When the cherubim departed, they lifted their wings and rose up from the earth in my sight with the wheels beside them; and they stood still at the entrance of the east gate of the Lord's house, and the glory of the God of Israel hovered over them.

10:18 God returns to His throne chariot. This is anthropomorphic imagery.

SPECIAL TOPIC: ANTHROPOMORPHIC LANGUAGE TO DESCRIBE DEITY

10:19 This is the initial sequence of YHWH leaving His temple. This is where the symbolic title "Ichabod," which means "the glory has departed" (BDB 33, cf. 1 Sam. 4:21), was put over the temple. It is one thing for YHWH to refuse to listen to His people. It is far more devastating that He leave His temple! The rabbis speculate that God stayed three and a half years on the Mount of Olives (cf. Ezek. 11:22-23) hoping that the Jews would repent, but they would not. This is surely an exaggeration. So He moved east to be with the exiles who formed a nucleus of the people of God who would return. The glory returns to this temple in Ezek. 43:12.

NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: EZEKIEL 10:20-22
 ²⁰These are the living beings that I saw beneath the God of Israel by the river Chebar; so I knew that they were cherubim. ²¹Each one had four faces and each one four wings, and beneath their wings was the form of human hands. ²²As for the likeness of their faces, they were the same faces whose appearance I had seen by the river Chebar. Each one went straight ahead.

10:20 "cherubim" See SPECIAL TOPIC: CHERUBIM

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