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PSALM 81
STROPHE DIVISIONS OF MODERN TRANSLATIONS
NASB | NKJV | NRSV | TEV | NJB |
God's Goodness and Israel's Waywardness MT Intro For the choir director; on the Gittith. A Psalm of Asaph |
An Appeal For Israel's Repentance | Liturgy For A Festival | A Song For A Festival | For the Feast of Shelters |
81:1-5 | 81:1-2 | 81:1-5b | 81:1-5b | 81:1 |
81:2-3 | ||||
81:3-5 | ||||
81:4-5b | ||||
81:5c-10 | 81:5c-10 | 81:5c-7a | ||
81:6-10 | 81:6-7 | |||
81:7b-8 | ||||
81:8-10 | ||||
81:9-10 | ||||
81:11-16 | 81:11-12 | 81:11-16 | 81:11-16 | 81:11-12 |
81:13-16 | 81:13-14 | |||
81:15-16 |
READING CYCLE THREE (see "Bible Interpretation Seminar")
FOLLOWING THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR'S INTENT AT PARAGRAPH LEVEL
This is a study guide commentary which means that you are responsible for your own interpretation of the Bible. Each of us must walk in the light we have. You, the Bible, and the Holy Spirit are priority in interpretation. You must not relinquish this to a commentator.
Read the chapter in one sitting. Identify the subjects (reading cycle #3). Compare your subject divisions with the five translations above. Paragraphing is not inspired, but it is the key to following the original author's intent, which is the heart of interpretation. Every paragraph has one and only one subject.
CONTEXTUAL INSIGHTS
WORD AND PHRASE STUDY
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 81:1-5
1Sing for joy to God
our strength;
Shout joyfully to the God of
Jacob.
2Raise a song,
strike the timbrel,
The sweet sounding lyre with
the harp.
3Blow the trumpet at
the new moon,
At the full moon, on our feast
day.
4For it is a statute
for Israel,
An ordinance of the God of
Jacob.
5He established it
for a testimony in Joseph
When he went throughout the
land of Egypt.
I heard a language that I did
not know:
81:1-5 This strophe is an admonition of the psalmist to the covenant people to rejoice at YHWH's powerful deliverance of Israel from Egyptian bondage.
81:1 "to God our strength" "Strength" (BDB 738) is often linked with "refuge" (see SPECIAL TOPIC: REFUGE) to describe God (cf. Ps. 14:6; 46:1; 62:6-7). Faithful followers' hope, peace, and joy are in Him.
▣ "sing. . .shout" These were worship acts done in the temple on special gathering days.
▣ "the God of Jacob" This is an idiom for all the thirteen tribes of Israel.
SPECIAL TOPIC: ISRAEL (the name)
"God" is Elohim. This is the most common designation of Israel's Deity in
Books 2 and 3 of the Psalter (i.e., Ps. 42-72; Ps. 73-89).
SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, C.
81:2 "the timbrel" This musical instrument (BDB 1074, KB 1771) was a small handheld, circular frame with stretched animal skin. It was used in association with women dancing in the exodus victory in Exod. 15:20 (also note Jdgs. 11:34; 1 Sam. 18:6).
▣ "lyre" This stringed musical instrument (BDB 490, KB 484) was used in many cultural settings.
▣ "harp" This musical instrument (BDB 614) has been identified in several ways (see notes at Psalm 150).
81:3 This verse is an admonition to worship God at the appropriate time and place.
Surprisingly Sabbaths are not mentioned (cf. 1 Chr. 23:31; 2 Chr. 2:4; Hos. 2:11).
SPECIAL TOPIC: ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN CALENDARS
▣ "Blow the trumpet" This instrument (BDB 1051) is mentioned in Exod. 19:16,19, when Israel prepared herself for YHWH's giving of His laws. Again this is an allusion to the exodus experience.
SPECIAL TOPIC: HORNS USED BY ISRAEL
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE FEASTS OF ISRAEL
81:4-5 "statute. . .ordinance. . .testimony" These terms are ways to designate YHWH's revelations to Israel.
In context these seem to refer to the revelations about feast days (cf. Exodus 23; Leviticus 23). See SPECIAL TOPIC: TERMS FOR GOD'S REVELATION.
These laws seem to be the crux of what Ps. 81:5c means.
81:5 "a language that I did not know" This is a literary idiom for Israel's time in Egypt (cf. Ps. 114:1). It is also used of the invasion and occupation of Canaan by
Many modern translations see Ps. 81:5c as going with 81:6, not 81:5b. If so, it applies to YHWH speaking on Mt. Sinai (i.e., in Hebrew or in thunder). Israel was afraid of the powerful physical manifestation of YHWH on Mt. Sinai (cf. Exodus 19-20).
The remaining verses record YHWH speaking (i.e., Ps. 81:6-16).
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 81:6-10
6"I relieved his
shoulder of the burden,
His hands were freed from the
basket.
7You called in
trouble and I rescued you;
I answered you in the hiding
place of thunder;
I proved you at the waters of
Meribah.
Selah.
8Hear, O My people,
and I will admonish you;
O Israel, if you would listen
to Me!
9Let there be no
strange god among you;
Nor shall you worship any
foreign god.
10I, the Lord, am your God,
Who brought you up from the
land of Egypt;
Open your mouth wide and I
will fill it.
81:6-10 This strophe is a summary of all the gracious acts of YHWH in the exodus and wilderness wandering period. Notice all the FIRST PERSON MASCULINE SINGULAR VERBS! YHWH is directly addressing His people.
Also notice
YHWH speaks from Ps. 81:6 through 16 by means of a priest or prophet.
81:6 This verse refers to the forced labor of the Hebrew slaves (i.e., Exod. 1:8-14).
81:7 "You called in trouble and I rescued you" This is an allusion to YHWH's dialog with Moses in Exod. 3:7-10.
▣ "I answered you in the hiding place of thunder" This seems to allude to Israel's Mt. Sinai experience (cf. Exod. 19:19; 20:18).
▣ "I proved you at the waters of Meribah" This refers to the Israelites' experience recorded in Exod. 17:6-7 and Num. 20:13. The AB (pp. 265-266) sees this line as "though I was provoked by you" (cf. Exod. 17:7; Num. 14:22; 20:24; 27:14; Deut. 33:8). Each of these texts states that Israel tested God, not God tested Israel.
Deuteronomy 33:8 seems to support the MT of Ps. 81:7c as God testing the Israelites.
▣ "Selah" See notes at Psalm 3:2.
81:8 "Hear" This is a Qal IMPERATIVE! It begins a series of references to Israel's lack of responding appropriately to YHWH's revelation (cf. Neh. 9:34).
Derek Kidner, in the Tyndale Commentary series (p. 326), thinks "Hear, O My people" is an allusion to the Shema prayer of Deut. 6:4-6. It may well be!
SPECIAL TOPIC: LISTEN/HEAR (shema)
81:9 Israel was commanded not to make or go after foreign gods (cf. Exod. 20:3,23). The Israelites were attracted to the fertility gods of Canaan. Israel's uniqueness in the ANE was her monotheism, which allowed for no rivals!
The Jewish Study Bible (p. 1374) asserts that Ps. 81:9-10 are an allusion to Exod. 20:1-2; Deut. 5:6, but in reverse order.
SPECIAL TOPIC: CONSEQUENCES OF IDOLATRY
81:10 This refers to YHWH's provision of food and water during the wilderness wandering period.
NASB (UPDATED) TEXT: 81:11-16
11"But My people did
not listen to My voice,
And Israel did not obey Me.
12So I gave them
over to the stubbornness of their heart,
To walk in their own devices.
13Oh that My people
would listen to Me,
That Israel would walk in My
ways!
14I would quickly
subdue their enemies
And turn My hand against their
adversaries.
15Those who hate the Lord would pretend obedience to Him,
And their time of
punishment would be forever.
16But I would feed
you with the finest of the wheat,
And with honey from the rock I
would satisfy you."
81:11-16 This strophe contrasts what Israel did with what YHWH wanted to do for them.
81:16 This verse is an allusion to the abundance of Canaan (cf. Deut. 8:8).
81:15 The question is "To whom is this verse directed?"
▣ "forever" See SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('olam)
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